Tuesday, August 13, 2024

The Tidal Waves of Indian History By Harry Falk

  1. According to a Bhuddhist text, Ashoka’s mother or grandmother is of a Greek descent. 
  2. Time Period between Mauryas and Gupta: Mauryas: 320 to 185 BCE, Indigenious dynasties (Kanvas, Mitras, Dattas, etc): 185 to 50 BCE, Intruding Westerners (Iranian, Scythiam, or Kushana): 50 BCE to 320 CE. The final era is the another phase of Indian resurrection. 
  3. Language: Oldest type is Mauryan Brahmi script, Later Nagari Script found its shape. 
  4. Two types of hostrocial evolution growth observed which are linear and oscillating. While language observed the linear evolution, the society observed the oscillating where society when from extrovert with strong foreign connection to a introvert traditional system. 
  5. The Indus Valley Civilisation has strong trade connection with the near east, as copper is procured from the Oman while timber is shipped from Euphrates. Later the culture shifted to a more simple and homemade. 
  6. Kharasthi letters - Need to find out
  7. Bactrian kingdom - Need to find out
  8. While all the kings used to call themselves as the raja or basileos, the King Kharavela of Odisha was the first one to call himself as the maharaja (in first century BCE). 
  9. The Sakas used to call themselves as the “kings of kings” to display superiority to the Graeco-Bactrains. Which was also followed by the Kushanas. 
  10. While in the foreign dynasties, the male patronage is given mention, the indigenous rules preferred the mother’s lineage. The brahminical mother is necessary to attain purity among the ideginous dynasties. Even the non-brahminical Satavahana’s followed his tradition. This might be considered as one of the earliest example of the sanskritisation. 
  11. Kanvas followed the Sungas and they are credited with the first inscription in the real sanskrit which is found in Ghosundi, Rajasthan.
  12. Saka invaders in the north displayed purely the patrilineal pedigree. 
  13. With the Saka and contemporary rules, the mother’s lineage is completely discarded and the paternal lineage replaced it completely. 
  14. While Mauryan’s, being the non brahmins haven’t have issues with the brahminical traditions, the Gupta again followed the usage of ladies for their self-definition. In Sungas and the Gupta’s, the women was withdrawn from the public life. 
  15. Metal currency was invented in the Lydia in seventh century. India adopted it much later. 
  16. Maurya’s issued the silver coins while the Sunga’s issued only copper coins. 
  17. Ksatrapas of Malwa and the Sakai from Gandhara. Kushan’s started the newly introduced golden coins on the roman weight system. 
  18. The battle for the devotees started during the Mauryas and the succeeding dynasties between the Buddhist and the Bhagavata. While hindu groups are no supportive of being depicted on the stones, the initial test was made using the yaks who are lower in the level and made hindu groups less aggressive. Art produces devotees. 
  19. India under Hinduism is not polytheistic, but according to Max Muller, it is a henotheism.
  20. The Kushana era is called as the devakula era. Gupta’s haven’t cared to start a era. 

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